Monday, July 27, 2020
7003 Example
7003 Example 7003 â" Essay Example > April 23, 2012.IntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a very common and reliable way of diagnosing patients. Due to advance in technology and detailed information about the diagnosis in question, many people have relied on this procedure for the detailed and quality images. However it has not been without challenges and some of the challenges are the burns that result from these procedures. RF burn is damage caused to the skin or other tissues and they are mostly caused by ionizing radiation or exposure to energy from radio frequency. During medical imaging high exposure to X rays can result to these burns. Body cells are damaged by ionizing radiation when they interact as this result to damage. The body reacts to this and what results is an erythema (Diaz, et. al, 2010 pp 413). This is redness around the affected area. In most cases radio burns are associated to cancer because of the ability of ionizing radiation to cause damage to DNA thus making the cell cancer ous. Radio frequency burns can be of first, second or third degree. Some of the burns are usually treated by plastic surgery. CausesMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered a safe diagnostic procedure. However excessive heating can result to injuries to the person who is undergoing the MR procedures. Some of the causes of these burns include: physiologic monitors, objects that are made from conductive materials, damaged coils and electronically activated devices. Heating of implants can sometimes be problematic if the devices are made from conductive materials whose shape is elongated or those that form loops with a certain diameter (ECRI Institute, 2008 pp 379). Excess MRI heating has been witnessed for particular types of catheters that have thermistors, guide wires, leads and also certain cervical fixation devices. The degree and nature of the health effects that result from overexposure to radio frequency is dependent on the intensity, frequency and exposure duration. Th e distance from the source of the radio frequency is also a determinant of the effect it causes. Shielding of these frequencies can also determine the effect they cause. One of the main effects of exposure to radio frequencies causes heating of body tissues because the body absorbs energy from the radio frequency fields. If a person is exposed to this kind of energy for long their body temperatures increases and they develop symptoms similar to those of somebody who have been involved in a physical exercise (Hardy Weil, 2010 pp 607). In rare cases or even the body is exposed to other heat sources at the same time a personâs body system may find it hard to cool due to the heat load and this ends up to heat exhaustion or stroke (Haik, et al, 2009 pp 295). Heat of specific positions for long which is also known as localized heating can be disastrous as it result to damage of the internal tissues. Non uniform fields are responsible of forming hot spots due to refraction of the radi o frequency fields within the body. This may also be caused by interaction between the radio frequency fields and the metallic implants in the body like aneurism clips and cardiac pace makers. Those body organs that have poor heat control are at a higher risk of damage resulting from heat. These organs include eye lens and the testes. Burns and shock result from flow of electric currents between the person and the conducting object when they are exposed to these fields (Jacob, et al. 2010 pp 848). There have been laboratory researches that have identified very low heating that result to tissue heating.
Sunday, June 28, 2020
Average Princeton SAT Scores
High school students who dream of earning a degree from Princeton University have a lot of steps to take in order to make that dream into reality. Students applying to Princeton must meet a variety of academic requirements. One of those requirements is a relatively high score on the SAT. Learn about average SAT scores for Princeton students. In addition, find out how high school students can achieve their best score on this important exam. The Average SAT Score at Princeton When looking at students accepted to Princeton, average SAT scores range around 2250à for the old version of the SAT (the average score for the new version of the SAT will probably be around 1520 the school has yet to disclose this). This score places a student in the 99th percentile of test-takers. Again, this score is based on the scoring system for the current SATà the highest possible score that a student can earn on the current version of the SAT is 1600. How to Achieve an Impressive SAT Score When it comes to gaining admission to Princeton, SAT scores can carry weight with admissions officers. While thereââ¬â¢s no official cutoff, a strong score can do nothing but help a strong application overall. Fortunately, there are several things students can do to prep for the test and earn an impressive score. One of the most valuable resources a student has is a practice test. A student can pinpoint which subjects they need to work on by examining the results of a practice test. This is an effective way for students to achieve the score they need to feel confident about applying to Princeton. Average SAT scores for Princeton students are high but may be achieved with persistent, focused study. At Veritas Prep, we offer students both online and in-person study options to help them prepare for the SAT. We recognize the level of study necessary for students who want to apply to Princeton: SAT scores can play a critical part in the final decision of admissions officers, after all. Our prep courses provide students with test-taking tips and strategies they can use to simplify questions and showcase their strengths in every subject on the SAT. What Other Factors Are Considered by Admissions Officers at Princeton? Certainly, an SAT score of 2250 or higher is a plus on any studentââ¬â¢s application to Princeton. But a studentââ¬â¢s SAT score is just one of many things considered by admissions officers. They also look at a studentââ¬â¢s grades in high school as well as the types of classes taken by the individual. Did a student take advanced courses throughout high school? If so, this demonstrates a studentââ¬â¢s intellectual curiosity and willingness to push their skills to the limit. A studentââ¬â¢s application essay is another element that carries a lot of weight with admissions officers. In fact, a studentââ¬â¢s essay gives officials insight into the personââ¬â¢s character and motivations. It allows admissions officers a look at the person behind the test scores and transcripts. Extracurricular activities and recommendation letters also play a part in the evaluation process. Princeton admissions officers are looking to fill all of the spots in a freshman class with stude nts who are most likely to strive for great success at the school. For students who want to go to Princeton, SAT requirements can seem daunting. Naturally, ambitious students want to do all they can to live up to the high academic standards set by the officials at Princeton. SAT subject tests are also a consideration for high school students who want to apply to this prestigious university. Admissions officers at Princeton recommend that applicants take two SAT subject tests. Students who want assistance preparing for the SAT as well as the SAT subject tests can get the help they need from our talented team of instructors at Veritas Prep. Each of our instructors scored in the top one percent of individuals taking the SAT. This means that high school students who work with our professional instructors are learning from the best! Along with solid academic assistance, our instructors are experts at supplying students with the support and encouragement they need to succeed. Contact Veritas Prep today and let us help you prepare for and master the SAT.
Friday, May 22, 2020
Loving Un Truth, and Fain in Verse My Love to Show
Loving un truth,and fain in verse My love to Show Philip Sidney Analysis 1: Like other creative persons of the period, Sidney also came under the influence of sonneteering. Thus a series of sonnets addressed to a single lady, expressing and reflecting on the developing relationship between the poet and his love grew up. Though the story does not have to be literal autobiography and questions of ââ¬Ësincerityââ¬â¢ are hardly answered, Sidneyââ¬â¢s love for Stella, on the artistic level, has been traced to love-affair of the poetââ¬â¢s own life. Stella is said to be Penelope Devereux, who did not or could not reciprocate the love and married Lord Rich. It is, in fact, owing to the predisposition of the mind created by the Romantic tradition ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Thus, the last line of the sonnet turns out to be a direct statement of Sidneyââ¬â¢s critical creed that great poetry does not result from imitation of other poets, but from the expression of personal experience and passion. Such views on poetic creation are similar to those o f the Romantic poets. Analysis 2: This poem is about Sir Phillip Sidney trying to write a poem that is good enough to win the heart of his beloved. The rhyme scheme is ABAB ABAB CDCDEE, which is a mix between an English and Italian style of sonnet. In line 2 of the poem, Sidney says, ââ¬Å"some pleasure of my painâ⬠. In the poem, the word ââ¬Å"painâ⬠means the pains of love and also the pain that comes from the effort to try and write good poetry. Sidney then goes onto a flow of logic. He believes that a well-written poem will give his love pleasure and knowledge of the anguish that he faces. These feelings will give rise to pity for Sidney, and this pity will eventually give rise to love. Sidney goes on to write that he has tried to ââ¬Å"paint the blackest face of woeâ⬠. Here Sidney uses the word ââ¬Å"paintâ⬠as a metaphor. Once again, the word ââ¬Å"woeâ⬠has the dual-meanings of his anguish of love and his pain for trying to write a good poem. He also is personifying these feelings of anguish that he is experiencing. In line 6, Sidney uses the word ââ¬Å"inventionsâ⬠to mean inspirations.
Tuesday, May 19, 2020
Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay - 2211 Words
Pips False Expectations nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; In Charles Dickens Great Expectations, the reader is taken through the journey of a little boy as he pursuits his dream and great expectations beyond his common self. Pips, the protagonist, dream of becoming a gentleman is realized upon his meeting of Estella, the love of his life. Pip changes from an innocent, sensitive and common young boy to a selfish, rejecting adolescent. He is led into making grave mistakes based on his false expectations of marrying Estella and being a gentleman. In the end, he learns that all his aspirations have been based on false presumptions and expectation of his ability to rise above his past and become something better.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦However, Pip brings Joe to Miss Havisham, on her request. Pip is embarrassed of Joes clothing, the way he fiddles with his hat and how he walks on his tiptoes as they enter the house of Miss Havisham. He comments that Joes dialect seems unusually strong and illiterate. As Miss Havi sham questions Joe about starting Pip on his apprenticeship, Joe directs his answers towards Pip, who continually tries to make Joe address Miss Havisham. He is embarrassed of Joe and for Joe. Pip is now the apprentice to Joe, a blacksmith, and is sent home with no more welcomed invitations to Satis House. He reflects on his new job, quot;I was truly wretched, and had a strong conviction on me that I should never like Joes trade. I had liked it once, but once was not now (Dickens, 104)quot; to explain the humiliation of his new quot;commonquot; job and his future of becoming a blacksmith. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The next point in Pips life that changes his attitude towards Joe and Biddy is his new found wealth granted to him from an unknown benefactor. Pip learns that he is endowed to a fortune, which will lead him to London to become a gentleman. His happiness for this endowment is unfathomable. The money changes his life as apprentice, as well as blacksmith, which he does not desire as he points out to Biddy, quot; I am not at all happy as I am. I am disgusted with my calling and with my lifeShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words à |à 5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pipââ¬â¢s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickensââ¬â¢ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havishamââ¬â¢s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words à |à 6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words à |à 6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words à |à 4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pipââ¬â¢s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pipââ¬â¢s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pipââ¬â¢s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words à |à 4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words à |à 6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if youââ¬â¢re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words à |à 5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardshi ps provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (ââ¬Å"BBC History - Charles Dickensâ⬠). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, whoââ¬â¢s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parentsââ¬â¢ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words à |à 4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the charactersââ¬â¢ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginning of the novel. From the opening ofRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words à |à 7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words à |à 5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went through
Saturday, May 9, 2020
Prejudice, Trinidad, and Jamaican Exceptionalism
Prejudice, Trinidad, and Jamaican exceptionalismUWI à «Tracking noà » Foun1101 CARIBBEAN CIVILISATION Student Name: ID Number: Faculty: SOCIAL SCIENCES Degree Prog.: BSc. MANAGEMENT Date: 24/02/12 Title of Article Prejudice, Trinidad, and Jamaican exceptionalism ________________________________________________________________________________________________ I certify that this is my own work and by attaching this cover sheet certify further that there are no instances of plagiarism contained herein. I submit to any penalty that the Faculty deems appropriate for any instance of plagiarism discovered in this work howsoever causedâ⬠¦ Signed: Shawn Ramsaran THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIESâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It is not difficult however, to see why this security measure was enforced by Airport Customs. Violent crimes constitute one of the greatest social problems facing Jamaica at this time. Over the past two decades, Jamaica has experienced an unparalleled increased in homicides and violent assaults. [3] In the year 2005, their murder rate was at the highest in the World, according to UN estimates.[4] Although it may seem very unfair to Jamaicans like Duggan who travel with the purest of intentions, it is impossible for the authorities to single out one or more specific individuals, who may be conspiring to perform illegal activities, out of a group of many, especially when theyââ¬â¢ve all just departed from a crime ridden republic, and thereââ¬â¢s a possibility that more than one may be associated in a group. They are simply performing their jobs. It certainly was severely biased, on behalf of Duggan, that Trinidad was singled out in this article and that many of the nationsââ¬â¢ short comings were listed asShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words à |à 656 Pages11 Burma 700 21 Malaysia 650 9 South Africa 404 3 WORLD MIGRATION IN THE LONG TWENTIETH CENTURY Place of Residence Thousands â⬠¢ 25 % of Total Pop. Mauritius 399 67 East Africa 352 1 Trinidad 302 37 Guyana 268 48 Fiji 198 49 Singapore 104 35 94 8 Surinam Total 4,609 Sources: Calculated from data in Galina V. Selegen, ââ¬Å"The First Report on the Recent Population Census in the Soviet Union
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Academic Stereotypes of Asian-American Students Essay...
There is a phenomenon happening in most schools throughout the country. Asian students as young as seven years olds are labeled as gifted and enrolled in various accelerate programs to further develop their talents. Certainly, most of these students are deserving of the honorable recognition. However, many skeptics do question how many of them are viewed as exceptional students based upon the stereotype: they are genetically smarter than their non-Asian peers. For many researchers, the notion of Asian students are hereditary more intelligent than other race groups as believes by Arthur Jensen, an educational psychologist, is not a valid explanation for why Asian students perform better than their counterparts. While it is evidentâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦However, the incessant hovering and excessive involvement from Asian parents can add tremendous pressure and stress onto young Asians. In the Daily Collegian News, Penn State sophomore Trevor Hsu expresses, ââ¬Å"It puts p ressure on Asian [students] themselves to fit that stereotypeâ⬠¦they can feel that they let themselves [and their families] down because they have not achieved the level of excellence that the stereotype has set.â⬠(qtd. in Dailey). Because they feel guilty and shameful, many Asian students are reluctant to admit to their parents and teachers that they have difficulties with class works and assignments as much as their non-Asian classmates and consequently, they do not received the support they need to improve their performance. The lack of representation for struggling students further infused the misconception of the stereotype. Since the majority of students do not understand their Asian classmatesââ¬â¢ family dynamic and appreciate their dedication in school work, many non-Asians assumed academic achievements for Asian students happen effortlessly. While they labeled their Asian classmates as ââ¬Å"model minorityâ⬠, such compliment can evoke jealousy and resentment. To examine the relationship between positive stereotypes and negative feelings, researchers William Maddux, Adam Galinsky, Amy Cuddy and Mark Polifroni conducted four studies with Northwestern University students. These studies show support for ââ¬Å"a phenomenon calledShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Asian Stereotypes922 Words à |à 4 Pagesso many people stereotype the Asian race as the world currently does? It is found to be very common to be stereotyped based off appearance and cultural background. Most commonly the Asian ethnic group, who would be stereotyped as, geniuses, smart, good at math, short, being unable to see and many other things. Some stereotypes might be taken as a compliment or even be true for some however, the Asian race is not entitled to these stereotypes nor do they have to follow them. Asians should not be stereotypedRead MoreThe Model Minority Myth Of Asian Americans846 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Model Minority Myth The model minority stereotype suggests that Asian Americans as a group are achieving a higher level of academic, economic, and social success than the overall American population (Hartlep, 2013; Tran Birman, 2010). This stereotype is very much engrained in the American culture today; however, such acceptance does not reflect the whole truth. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, 52.4% of Asian Americans over the age of 25 have a bachelorââ¬â¢s degree or higher, compared toRead MoreAsian American Students : Combating The Effects Stereotypes And Cultural Differences1701 Words à |à 7 PagesDevin Hong 75827376 Asian American Politics - ASAM 131 O Brien 11/13/14 Midterm - Research Dossier Asian American Students: Combating the Effects Stereotypes and Cultural Differences Introduction The population of Asian Americans and Asian immigrants in America doubled between 1980 and 1990, with the expectation to double again between 1990 and 2020. As such, Asian-Americans are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in this country; yet their particular educational needs at the early childhoodRead MoreThe Importance Of Stereotyping1104 Words à |à 5 PagesIt is more based on the person to go further in life, yet many of people live trying to be the stereotypes. Many live a life they do not due to the stereotypes, but they keep doing it since it is seen normal. Some people care more about the race and go based off of stereotypes. Stereotyping is becoming worst over time even when it comes to genders as well because some White supremacies like to make any ethnicity less than them due to the fact that they feel greater. Over the years, terms like ââ¬ËwhiteRead MoreAfrican Americans And Asian Americans1421 Words à |à 6 Pagesused most often to describe Asian America ns, group seen as having attained economic and education success at significantly higher rates than that of other minority groups. Although first coined by sociologist William Petersen in 1966, the term ââ¬Å"model minorityâ⬠was not popularized and nationalized as a reference to Asian Americans through radio and television outlets, and even some academics until the mid-1970s. The term was meant to convey a stereotype that Asian Americans were becoming economicallyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Thin Ice By Claude M. Steele969 Words à |à 4 Pagesinferior. In the article, ââ¬Å"Thin Iceâ⬠by Claude M. Steele, Steele shows how African Americans who are stereotyped or have the mental image of being stereotyped negatively can affect their success in their academic success. In the other hand, in Jennifer Lee and Min Zhouââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Asian American Achievement Paradoxâ⬠demonstrates when a stereotype is positive it can feed oneââ¬â¢s ego and deliver bet ter outcomes in a peopleââ¬â¢s academic achievements. Even though a large population of people can be stereotyped in aRead MoreA Summary On Asian Americans And Stereotype Promise1274 Words à |à 6 PagesUnassimilable to Exceptional: the Rise of Asian Americans and ââ¬Å"Stereotype Promise,â⬠I think about my own experience as an Asian American student within a predominately white school and how the stereotype promise plays a big part in my life. According to both authors, stereotype promise is the promise of being viewed through the lens of a positive stereotype, which, in turn, can enhance the performance of Asian Americans students (Zhou and Lee 7). These stereotypes becomes what the author has called, ââ¬Å"symbolicRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Model Minority Stereotype1676 Words à |à 7 PagesHonors 300 : Race, Science, Society 20 November 2014 An Analysis of the Model Minority Stereotype INTRODUCTION According to the 2010 United States Census, those that identify as Asian numbered more than 14 million people, approximately 4.8% of the entire United States population (SOURCE). Despite or perhaps due to being a relatively small population, Asian Americans are not exempt from stereotyping. While a stereotype does not technically have positive or negative connotations and is simply a widelyRead MoreStereotyping of Asian American Youth: The Effects on Performance in Academics846 Words à |à 4 PagesThroughout American history, the United States has been a cauldron where different diversities mix and mingle. In this hot pot of diversity, all of the ingredients (ethnicities) will not always conform to one and other; this could possibly lead to discrimination. This paper will be primarily focus on the discrimination towards Asian American youth of the 21st century and how it affects their academics. The research question guiding this investigation is ââ¬Å"To what extent does the ste reotyping of Asian AmericanRead MoreAsian American And Asian Americans964 Words à |à 4 PagesMany Asian Americans take great pride in a strong work ethic and an equally strong value system in terms of educational achievement. This cultural legacy stems from a long tradition of Asians coming into America as immigrants since the 19th century. During this time, there are third and fourth generation Asian Americans that have adopted the principles of a quality education and strong work ethic as part of being of Asian descent in a primarily white Anglo-American population. Culturally, many Asians
Hengisbury Head Coastal Processes Free Essays
What are geomorphic processes and how do they affect the coast at Hengistbury Head? Setting the scene Hengistbury Head is a scenic and historic headland near the town of Bournemouth on the south coast of England. It stands mid-way between Poole harbour and Hurst spit and forms the main division between Poole and Christchurch Bays. Coastal Processes| Description| Sub Aerial | Coastal erosional processes that are not linked to the action of the sea. We will write a custom essay sample on Hengisbury Head Coastal Processes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Erosion occurs via rain, weathering by wind and frost. Its impact is often seen in soil creep, slumping and landslides. Corrosion| When waves approach the coastline they are carrying material such as sand, shingle, pebbles and boulders. Abrasion occurs when this material is hurled against cliffs as waves hit them, wearing the cliff away. | Human activity| Much building and recreation occurs at the coast, and this increases pressure on cliff tops, making them more liable to erosion and subsidence. The building of sea defences upsets the dynamic equilibrium of the coastline| Hydraulic pressure| Cliffs and rocks contain many lines of weakness in the form of joints and cracks. A parcel of air can become trapped/compressed in these cracks when water is thrown against it. The increase in pressure leads to a weakening/cracking of the rock. | Corrasion| When waves approach the coastline they are carrying material such as sand, shingle, pebbles and boulders. Abrasion occurs when this material is hurled against cliffs as waves hit them, wearing the cliff away. | Coastal Transport| Description| Solution| Minerals are dissolved in seawater and carried in solution. The load is not visible. Load can come from cliffs made from chalk or limestone, and calcium carbonate is carried along in solution. | Suspension| Small particles are carried in water, e. g. silts and clays, which can make the water look cloudy. Currents pick up large amounts of sediment in suspension during a storm, when strong winds generate high-energy waves. | Saltation| Load is bounced along the seabed, e. g. small pieces of shingle or large sand grains. Currents cannot keep the larger and heavier sediment afloat for long periods. | Traction| Pebbles and larger sediment are rolled along the seabed. | How to cite Hengisbury Head Coastal Processes, Essay examples
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